@inbook { koza:1996:aigp2,
	title = {Classifying Protein Segments as Transmembrane Domains Using Architecture-Altering Operations in Genetic Programming},
	booktitle = {Advances in Genetic Programming 2},
	editor = {Peter J. Angeline and K. E. Kinnear, Jr.},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {155--176},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	type = {incollection},
	chapter = {8},
	address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
	abstract = {The biological theory of gene duplication, concerning
                 how new structures and new behaviors are created in
                 living things, is brought to bear on the problem of
                 automated architecture discovery in genetic
                 programming. Using architecture-altering operations
                 patterned after naturally-occurring gene duplication,
                 genetic programming is used to evolve a computer
                 program to classify a given protein segment as being a
                 transmembrane domain or non-transmembrane area of the
                 protein. The out-of-sample error rate for the best
                 genetically-evolved program achieved was slightly
                 better than that of previously-reported human-written
                 algorithms for this problem. This is an instance of an
                 automated machine learning algorithm rivaling a
                 human-written algorithm for a problem.},
	keywords = {genetic algorithms, genetic programming},
	ISBN = {0-262-01158-1},
	URL = {http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/aigp2aatmjk1996.pdf},
	author = { Koza, John R.  and  Andre, David}
}